For centuries, Oman has been a focal point for merchants. In 1508, Masqat, the most important port city, was occupied by the Portuguese. They maintained control until the city was conquered by the Osmanes and became part of the Ottomane Empire in 1659. In 1741, the Osmanes were ousted when the current successsion of sultans was formed  by Achmed Ibn Said.

In the early 19th century, Oman became a large regional power, with property in Persia, Baluchistan and Zanzibar, but slowly but surely the country lost these possessions. Oman became a British protectorate, and remained this until 1971. The year before, Sultan Said Ibn Taimur was removed from power by his son, Sultan Qaboos bin Said al Said (period of government 1970 -). Under Qaboos’ leadership the economic situation of the country has improved enormously. The Sultanate has maintained peaceful relations with all other countries in the Middle East.